Understanding Testicular Cancer: A Call for Awareness

Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting males between the ages of 15 and 45. While the exact causes remain unknown, certain factors, such as undescended testes (cryptorchidism), significantly increase the risk. 

Early detection plays a crucial role in successful treatment, making regular self-examinations essential for all young men. A monthly testicular self-exam involves checking for changes in the size or consistency of the testicles. If you discover any abnormalities, such as a lump, it’s important to consult your doctor promptly.

Symptoms of Testicular Cancer:

• Unusual tenderness of the testicles
• Pain in the testicles or scrotum
• Enlargement or a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
• A painless lump or swelling in a testicle
• A dull ache in the lower abdomen, back, or groin
• Sudden fluid collection in the scrotum

Risk Factors:

• Undescended testicles (cryptorchidism)
• Family history of testicular cancer
• Personal history of testicular cancer
• Intratubular germ cell neoplasia

 Advanced Symptoms:

• Significant weight loss
• Persistent back or abdominal pain
• Chest pain, coughing, or difficulty breathing
• Headaches
• Enlarged lymph nodes in the abdomen or neck

How to Perform a Monthly Self-Exam:

• Timing: The best time to perform a testicular self-exam is during or after a warm bath or shower when the scrotal skin is relaxed.
• Examine Each Testicle: Stand in front of a mirror. Check for any swelling on the scrotal skin. Then, gently feel each testicle one at a time with both hands. Place your index and middle fingers under the testicle and your thumbs on top.
• Feel for Changes: Roll the testicle gently between your fingers. Note any changes in size, shape, or consistency. It’s normal for one testicle to be slightly larger than the other, but you should report any significant changes or lumps to your doctor.
• Look for Lumps: While performing the exam, be on the lookout for any lumps or irregularities. Lumps can be as small as a grain of rice and are usually painless.

Testicular cancer, though serious, is highly treatable when detected early. Regular self-examinations and awareness of the symptoms can make a life-saving difference. If you notice any unusual changes, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice.

 Stay informed and proactive about your health. For more information, visit the Cancer Association of Namibia’s website.